Urban Changes During the British Period

 Urban Changes During the British Period

I. Choose the correct answer.
1. Ancient town are
a) Harappa and Mohenjadaro
b) Delhi and Hyderabad
c) Bombay and Calcutta
d) None of the above
Answer:
a) Harappa and Mohenjadaro

2. Coastal towns developed by the British were
a) Surat
b) Goa
c) Bombay
d) All of these
Answer:
d) All of these

3. A new trend of urbanisation began in the latter half of 19th century as a result of
a) Opening of Suez Canal
b) Introduction of steam navigation
c) Construction of railways
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

4. The British arrived India for
a) for trading
b) for preaching their religion
c) for working
d) for ruling
Answer:
a) for trading

5. Fort St. George was constructed by the British in
a) Bombay
b) Cuddalore
c) Madras
d) Calcutta
Answer:
c) Madras

6. Which of the following port was the East India Company’s principal settlement until 1774?
a) Fort William
b) Fort St. David
c) Fort St. George
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Fort St. George

II. Fill in the blanks.
1. The network of railroads in India was introduced in ……………. .
Answer:
1853

2. ……………. rightly regarded as the Father of Local Self – Government in India.
Answer:
Lord Ripon

3. The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced ……………. in the provinces.
Answer:
Dyarchy

4. ……………. was responsible for the formation of the corporation.
Answer:
Sis Josiah child

5. Francis Day and Andrew Cogan got permission to establish a factory cum trading post at Madrasapatnam in …………….
Answer:
1639

III. Match the following.

1. Bombay	a) Religious centres
2. Cantonment towns	b) Hill stations
3. Kedamath	c) Ancient town
4. Darjeeling	d) Seven islands
5. Madurai	e) Kanpur

Answer:

1. Bombay	d) Seven islands
2. Cantonment towns	e) Kanpur
3. Kedamath	a) Religious centres
4. Darjeeling	b) Hill stations
5. Madurai	c) Ancient town

IV. State true or false.
1. Towns flourished since pre-historic times in India.
Answer:
True

2. British acquired political control after the Battle of Plassey.
Answer:
True

3. Fort William is in Madras.
Answer:
False

4. Army people began to live in cantonments.
Answer:
True

5. Madras was officially renamed as Chennai in 1998.
Answer:
False

V. Choose the correct statement.
1. Assertion : India became the agricultural colony of Britain.
Reason : The one-way free trade policy followed by British and the Industrial revolution destroyed Indian indigenous industries.
a) A is correct and R is Wrong
b) A is wrong and R is Correct
c) A is correct and R explains A
d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
c) A is correct and R explains A

2. Which of the following statements) is/are not true?
i) Srirangarayalu gave the English the grant of Madrasapatnam.
ii) Day and Cogan were jointly responsible for the construction of Fort St. George.
iii) In 1969 the state of Madras was rechristened as Tamil Nadu

a) i only
b) i and ii
c) ii and iii
d) iii only
Answer:
c) ii and iii

3. Assertion: British built up their alternative capitals in hilly areas.
Reason: They found the Indian summer inhospitable.
a) A is correct and R is Wrong
b) A is wrong and R is Correct
c) A is correct and R explains A
d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
c) A is correct and R explains A

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences.
1. What is an urban area?
Answer:
An urban area is one that has a high population density engaged in occupations other than food production, living in a highly built environment.

2. Hilly areas were distinctive features of colonial urban development. Why?
Answer:
Hilly areas were few and had a small population and were often visited for specific purposes.

3. Name the three Presidency cities?
Answer:
In the late 18th century Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras rose as Presidency cities.

4. State any four reasons for the new trend of urbanization in the 19,h century.
Answer:

• Opening of Suez Canal
• Introduction of steam navigation
• Banking
• Shipping and insurance

5. Write a short note on Cantonment towns.
Answer:

• Since the British needed strong military camps and established the cantonment towns.
• Army people began to live in these places and gradually they were grown up in a city.
• E.g. Kanpur and Lahore.

6. What were the regions covered in the Madras presidency during the British regime?
Answer:
Modem day Tamilnadu, the Lakshwadeep island, Northern Kerala, Rayalaseema, Coastal Andhra, Districts of Karnataka, and various districts of southern Odisha.

VII. Answer the following in detail.
1. Describe colonial urban development.
Answer:
(i) Port cities:

• The British arrived in India for trading. Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay became the important ports. They played important role in trade. These cities became prominent commercial areas with tall European – styled buildings.
• Fort St. George in Madras and Fort St. William in Calcutta were the best examples.

(ii) Cantonment towns:

• The British occupied the Indian territory and political power by their military force. So they needed strong military camps and established the cantonments
• For e.g, Kanpur, Lahore.

(iii) Hill Stations:

• Hill stations were distinctive features of colonial urban development. Although Hill stations were not unknown, prior to their founding by the British in India, they were few and had a small population, and were often visited for a specific purpose.
• For e.g. Srinagar was a Mughal recreational centre, Kedamath and Badrinath were Hindu religious Centres.

(iv) Railway towns:

• Railway towns were also a type of urban settlements and were established in 1853 after the introduction of railways by the British.
• By the nature of railway transport, all the towns were located on the plains.

2. Trace the origin and growth of Madras.
Answer:

• The English East India Company was started in 1600.
• When famine struck Masulipatnam English looked for a new site.
• Francis Day chose Madrasapatnam in 1637 and set up factory.
• In 1639 the deed was signed by Francis Day and Andrew Cogan to establish a factory aim trading port and fortified it and called fort St. George.
• Fort St. George was called the white town and the nearby villages were called Black town which was collectively called Madras.

3. India became an agricultural colony of Britain. How?
Answer:

1. In the beginning, the policies of the British proved harmful to the process of urbanisation.
2. Later the economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of India’s economy into a colonial economy and the development of cities.
3. The one-way free trade predominance of British, Indian manufacturing industries was destroyed.
4. There was a sudden collapse of the urban handicrafts industry.
5. Towns and cities long famed for their specialized products gazed continually shrinking market.
6. The manufacturing towns lost their previous importance.
7. The industrial revolution, high import duties, and other restrictions imposed on the import of Indian goods into Britain and Europe led to the decline of Indian industries.
8. Thus, India became the agricultural colony of Britians.

 Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer.
1. ……………….. was an alternative capital for Calcutta.
a) Dehradun
b) Darjeeling
c) Shimla
d) Bombay
Answer:
b) Darjeeling

2. ……………….. was founded during the Gurkha war.
a) Dehradun
b) Delhi
c) Shimla
d) Bombay
Answer:
c) Shimla

3. ……………….. established municipal administration in the three presidency towns.
a) The Character Act of 1793
b) The Character Act of 1773
c) The Character Act of 1813
d) The Character Act of 1833
Answer:
a) The Character Act of 1793

4. The English East India Company was started in AD.
a) 1600
b) 1500
c) 1556
d) 1608
Answer:
a) 1600

5. ……………….. is the power centre of the Tamilnadu state government.
a) Fort St. George
b) Fort St. William
c) Fort St. David
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Fort St. George

6. The white and Black towns were collectively called …………………
a) Madras
b) Delhi
c) Shimla
d) Bombay
Answer:
a) Madras

7. Madras was the East India Companys principal settlement until …………………
a) 1664
b) 1774
c) 1556
d) 1600
Answer:
b) 1774

8. A town or district that has local government is …………………
a) Municipality
b) corporation
c) Panchayat
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Muncipality

9. The chief of the Masulipatnam factor,
a) Andrew cogon
b) Francis
c) David
d) Jar
Answer:
a) Andrew Cogan

10. Making of Chennai in the year …………………
a) 1640
b) 1641
c) 1638
d) 1639
Answer:
1639

II. Fill in the blanks.
1. The introduction of the railways resulted in the diversion of …………………
Answer:
trade routes

2. The Presidency cities were earlier ……………….. Villages.
Answer:
fishing and wearing

3. The port cities became prominent commercial areas with fall ……………….. buildings.
Answer:
European – styled

4. The ……………….. were an entirely new kind of urban centre.
Answer:
containment

5. ……………….. was a Mughal recreational centre.
Answer:
Srinagar

6. ……………….. and ……………….. were Hindu religious centres.
Answer:
Kedarnath, Badrinath

7. ……………….. was an alternative capital for Calcutta.
Ans: Darjeeling

8. ……………….. was an alternative for Delhi.
Answer:
Dehradun

9. ……………….. was founded during the ……………….. war.
Answer:
Simla, Gurkha

10. The chief of the Armagon factors was ……………….. .
Answer:
Francis Day

11. The Government of India 1935 introduced …………………
Answer:
Provincial Autonomy

12. The official interpreter of chandragiri was …………………
Answer:
Beri Thimmappa

13. ……………….. was well protected from monsoon winds.
Answer:
Masulipatnam .. f

14. In 1690, the English merchants founded a settlement at …………………
Answer:
Sultanate

15. Srirangarayalu issued a new grant to English in 1645 called …………………
Answer:
Srirangarayapatnam

III. Match the Following.

1. Cantonment towns	a)1853
2. Port cities	b) Headquarters of principalities
3. Hill stations	c) Military forces
4. Medieval towns	d) Colonial urban development
5. Railway towns	e) European-styled

Answer:

1. Cantonment towns	c) Military forces
2. Port cities	e) European-styled
3. Hill stations	d) Colonial urban development
4. Medieval towns	b) Headquarters of Principalities
5. Railway towns	a) 1853

IV. True or False.
1. Dalhousie Square in Chennai was close to the commercial area.
Answer:
False

2. Dyarchy is a Government by two independent authorities.
Answer:
True

3. Bombay was initially six islands.
Ans: False

4. The company established Fort William at Calcutta.
Answer:
True

5. Chennai was once a group of villages.
Answer:
True

V. Choose the correct statement.
1. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not true?
i) Harappa, Mohenjadaro, Varanasi, Allahabad, and Madurai are well- known modem towns.
ii) Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra, and Nagpur are fort city or port city.
iii) Three main cities are – Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkatta as the administrative headquarters and trading centres.
a) i only
b) i and ii
c) ii and iii
d) iii only
Answer:
c) ii and iii

2. Assertion: The British occupied the Indian territory and political power by their military force.
Reason: They needed strong military camps and established the cantonments.
a) A is correct and R is Wrong
b) A is wrong and R is correct
c) A is correct and R explains A
d) A is correct and R does not explain A
Answer:
c) A is correct and R explains A

3. i) Bombay was initially seven islands. It was under the control of the Portuguese from 1534 onwards.
ii) Charles II of England King leased it to the East India Company.
iii) The English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Calcutta to Bombay, a) i only b) i and ii c) ii and iii d) iii only
Answer:
b) i and ii