Sir Isaac Newton -The Ingenious Scientist- Solution

Sir Isaac Newton -The Ingenious Scientist

Section -I

Read and Understand

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Issac Newton was born at a small village of Woolsthorpe in England.

2. Grand mother was advised to apprentice him to a clockmaker.

3. Isaac made a clock, by the dropping of water.

4. The sun-dial made by Isaac is still in existence at Woolsthorpe.

5. Isaac constructed a model of the windwill.

B. Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized words.

1. Isaac was chiefly remarkable for his ingenuity.

a. common

b. notable

c. neglected

d. unknown

[Answer: (b) notable]

2. He will make a capital workman.

a. wealth

b. excellent

c. profitable

d. head

[Answer: (a) wealth]

3. Nobody could tell what the sunshine was composed of.

a. made

b. known

c. full

d. felt

[Answer: (a) made]

4. He cared little for earthly fame and honors.

a. Disrespect

b. attraction

c. proud

d. popularity

[Answer: (d) popularity]

Section -II

Read and Understand

A. Choose the correct antonym for the italicized word

1. His Grandmother was very kind to him.

a. affectionate

b. loving

c. disrespectful

d. cruel

[Answer: (d) cruel]

2. The boy seemed to have a taste for mathematics.

a. delicious

b. sweet

c. distaste

d. against

[Answer: (c) distaste]

3. Isaac possessed a wonderful faculty of acquiring knowledge.

a.owned

b. controlled

c. lacks

d. have

[Answer: (c) lacks]

4. He was observed to be usually busy with his tools.

a. common

b. rarely

c. unwontedly

d. usually

[Answer: (b) rarely]

B. Answer the following questions in one or two

1. Who was taking care of Newton after his father's death?

Answer: His grandmother was taking care of Newton after his father’s death.

2. What did Isaac manufacture at his young age?

Answer: Isaac manufactured a set of little tools and saws of various sizes.

3. How did the young boy find the strength of the wind?

Answer: The young boy found the strength of the wind by first jumping against the wind. According to the length of his jump, he could calculate the force of a gentle breeze, a brisk gale or a tempest.

4. Why were his friends attracted by the windmill?

Answer: His friends were attracted by the windmill because they thought that they had not seen anything so pretty and wonderful in the whole world.

5. How was Newton honoured by the king?

Answer: Newton was made a Member of the Parliament and received the honour of knighthood from the king.

Lesson : Sir Issac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist

Author : Nathaniel Hawthorne

Theme : Invention of gravity

Moral : Practice makes a man perfect

• Isaac Newton was well known for his creativity.
• He always wanted to invent something.
• He would get knowledge by simple means.
• He made clocks in his childhood.
• He constructed a model of windmill very skilfully.
• He died in 1727 at the age of 85.

Prefix and Suffix

Prefix

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the root word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix un-is added to the word happy, it creates the new word unhappy.

Exercise

a. Underline the prefix in each word in the boxes

Answer:

unlock , distrust , rewrite , untrue , dislike , unhook , unsafe , unlucky , remix , disown , relocate , disclose

Suffix

A suffix is an affix which is placed after the root word. These suffixes change the meaning or grammatical function of a root word.

Example:

fat + er =fatter

drive + ing =driving

change + able = changeable

use +less = useless

beauty +ful =beautiful

lie +ing = lying

b. Pick a suitable prefix and suffix from the given box and complete the following words.

able, ful, ly, sub, ion, un, tri, re, im, mis

Answer:

Recall

Comfortable

Subcategory

Misunderstand

Improper

Successful

Equally

Tricolor

Construction

newly

Syllabification

Syllabication is the act, process, or method of forming or dividing words into syllables. It is splitting of words according to the syllables or unit of sounds or vowel sounds. It has six types. They are:

1. Monosyllabic 2. Disyllabic (or) Bisyllabic 3.Trisyllabic 4. Tetrasyllabic 5. Pentasyllabic 6. Polysyllabic (or) Multisyllabic.

The process of dividing words into smaller parts or syllables is called 'Syllabification'.

a. Syllabify the following words

1. education : ed-u-ca-tion

2. school : school

3. college : col-lege

4. english : Eng-lish'

5. opportunity : op-por-tu-ni-ty

6. friend : friend

7. teacher : teach-er

8. simultaneously : si-mul-ta-ne-ous-ly

9. laboratory : lab-o-ra-to-ry

10. beneficiary : ben-e-fi-ci-ar-y

Grammar

Prepositions

Preposition is a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to a verb or adjective in a sentence.

Common Prepositions: in, on, at, to, with, during, before, after

Prepositions of time

Time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after. They are used to help indicate when something happened, happens or will happen.

Prepositions of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

* I was born on July 4, 1982.

* I was born in 1982.

* I was born at exactly 2 a.m.

* I was born two minutes before my twin brother.

* I was born after the Great War ended.

* I first met John in 1987.

* It’s always cold in January

* Easter falls in spring each year.

* The Second World War occurred in the 20th century.

* We eat breakfast in the morning.

a. Fill in the blanks by using correct preposition.

1. We go to school on Mondays, but not on Sunday

2. Christmas falls on 25^th December.

3. Buy me a present on my birthday.

4. Families often argue during Christmas time.

5. I work faster at night.

6. Her shift finished at 7 p.m.

Modal Verbs

A modal is a type of helping verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation like must shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, dare, need.

Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things as modals, but are a combination of helping verbs and the preposition ought to, used to.

How to use:

Circle the modal verbs in the list given in the box.

shall should will have to would can need to could may ought to might dare used to need

Shall Should will have to would can need to could may ought to might dare used to need

We use modal verbs to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible (or not).

We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permission making They may come by car.

Impossibility

We use the negative can’t or cannot to show that something is not possible.

That can’t be true.

You cannot be serious.

We use couldn’t/could not to talk about the past.

We knew it could not be true.

He was obviously joking. He could not be serious.

Probability

We use the modal must to show we are sure something to be true and we have reasons for our belief.

It’s getting dark. It must be quite late.

You haven’t eaten all day. You must be hungry.

Permission

We use can to ask for permission to do something.

Can I ask a question, please?

Can we go home now?

could is more formal and polite than can

Could I ask a question please?

Could we go home now?

Instructions and requests

We use could you and would you as polite ways of telling or asking someone to do something.

Can I …? Can you …? Could I … Could you …? and so on.

The negative form is can’t in spoken English and cannot in written English. We sometimes say cannot, but it is very emphatic.

The negative form of could is couldn’t in spoken English and could not in written English.

We sometimes say could not.

We use can and can’t.

Exercise

I. Use polite request when we seek help from others.

a. Fill in the blanks using would you or could you.

1. Could you please close the door?

2. Could you please open the window?

3. Could you mind going to the back bench?

4. Could you please bring some water for me?

b. Use the phrases could you or would you in the following situations with your friend.

1. Ask the policeman for directions.

Answer:  Could yon please tell me the way to the railway station?

2. You need to borrow your friend’s bike.

Answer:  Would you lend me your bike?

3. You would need to exchange the book purchased.

Answer:  Could you exchange this book?

4. You want to open your classroom window

Answer:  Could you please open our classroom window?

GRAMMAR ADDITIONAL

PREPOSITIONS

I. Fill in the blanks with the correct Prepositions.

1. Get me a cup---------------coffee.

[Answer: of]

2. She ran-------------the finals and won the first prize.

[Answer: in]

3. Ravi liked---------------paint cartoons.

[Answer: to]

4. It’s always dark ---------------this room.

[Answer: in]

5. We visit our relatives------------- the weekends

[Answer: during]

6. All of them stayed for the function---------- 9 p.m.

[Answer: till]

7. I met my old friend----------- the party.

[Answer: at]

MODAL VERBS

I. Use suitablw modals.

1. -----------you please lend me your book?

[Answer: Could]

2. ------------you mind closing the window?

[Answer: Would]

3. ----------I leave the room?

[Answer: May]

4. --------------we go for a movie?

[Answer: Shall]

5. ------------you please give me the window seat?

[Answer: Could]

6.-------------you mind moving a little?

[Answer: Would]

7.------------you buy this medicine for me?

[Answer: Could]

8.-----------you spare a little time for me?

[Answer: Could]

9.--------------I come in?

[Answer: May]

10.------------------you mind taking care of my pet for sometime?

[Answer: Would]

II. Frame questions with modals like shall,can,would,could,should,may for the following situations.

1. Ask your friend for an address.

Answer: Could you guide me to this address?

2. Permission to borrow your friend’s car.

Answer: May I borrow your car?

3. Permission to enter the classroom.

Answer: May I come in?

4. Offer a drink or beverage.

Answer: Would you like a cup of coffee?

5. Express a possibility.

Answer:  I may be late by half an hour.